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Pyrosoma atlanticum
''Pyrosoma atlanticum'' is a pelagic species of marine colonial tunicate in the class Thaliacea found in temperate waters worldwide. The name of the genus comes from the Greek words ''pyros'' meaning 'fire' and ''soma'' meaning 'body', referring to the bright bioluminescence sometimes emitted.〔(''Pyrosoma atlanticum'' (Peron, 1804) : Pyrosome ) The JelliesZone. Retrieved 2011-11-10.〕 The specific epithet ''atlanticum'' refers to the Atlantic Ocean, from where the first specimen of the species was collected for scientific description; it was described in 1804 by François Péron, a French naturalist.〔
==Description==
A colony of ''P. atlanticum'' is cylindrical and can grow up to 60 cm (2 ft) long and 4–6 cm wide. The constituent zooids form a rigid tube, which may be pale pink, yellowish, or bluish. One end of the tube is narrower and is closed, while the other is open and has a strong diaphragm. The outer surface or test is gelatinised and dimpled with backward-pointing, blunt processes. The individual zooids are up to 8.5 mm (0.3 in) long and have a broad, rounded branchial sac with gill slits. Along the side of the branchial sac runs the endostyle, which produces mucus filters. Water is moved through the gill slits into the centre of the cylinder by cilia pulsating rhythmically. Plankton and other food particles are caught in mucus filters in the processes as the colony is propelled through the water. ''P. atlanticum'' is bioluminescent and can generate a brilliant blue-green light when stimulated.〔〔(''Pyrosoma atlanticum'' ) Marine Species Identification Portal. Retrieved 2011-11-11.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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